External network testing
External network testing is a cybersecurity assessment that simulates a real-world cyberattack against an organization's internet-facing systems to discover and exploit vulnerabilities. This proactive "ethical hacking" helps identify security weaknesses before malicious actors can find and exploit them.
Internal network testing
Internal network testing is a security assessment that simulates an attack from inside an organization's network, mimicking a malicious insider or a compromised device. Testers look for vulnerabilities in internal systems, user accounts, and network infrastructure to identify weaknesses and demonstrate how an attacker could move laterally, escalate privileges, and steal sensitive data.
Web application testing
Web application testing is the systematic process of evaluating and verifying a web application to ensure it functions correctly, meets specified requirements, and provides a positive user experience. This comprehensive evaluation aims to identify and resolve issues related to functionality, usability, performance, compatibility, and security before the application is deployed to users.
Cloud environment testing
Cloud environment testing is the process of evaluating applications, websites, and software using cloud-based infrastructure and services rather than on-premises hardware.
Reporting with actionable remediation
Reporting and action remediation describes the process of documenting an issue, analyzing its root cause, and executing long-term solutions to address the problem and prevent it from happening again. While "reporting" focuses on describing what occurred, "remediation" is about correcting the problem permanently.
Full-scope adversary simulation
A full-scope adversary simulation, also known as a red team engagement, is a comprehensive cybersecurity exercise designed to replicate the tactics, techniques, and procedures of real-world attackers. A full-scope simulation evaluates an organization's overall resilience against a realistic, sustained attack.
Multi-stage attack exercises
Multi-stage attack exercises, are controlled cybersecurity drills that mimic real-world, multi-phase cyberattacks to test and improve an organization's defenses. Unlike traditional penetration tests, which often focus on single vulnerabilities, these exercises simulate how an attacker could navigate and escalate privileges across a network.
Detection and response evaluation
Detection and response evaluation is the process of assessing how effective a system or security team is at identifying and mitigating cyber threats. It involves measuring various metrics to determine a program's overall performance.
Executive-level briefings
Executive-level briefings are concise, focused, high-level summaries designed to provide senior leaders with the essential information, insights, and analysis needed for informed decision-making. Key characteristics include: a focus on strategic, critical information rather than minor details, tailoring the content to the executive's interests and business objectives, and presenting information clearly with context, implications, and actionable recommendations to empower quick and effective action.
Phishing campaigns
Phishing campaigns are orchestrated attempts, often via email, text, or calls, to trick employees into revealing sensitive information such as passwords, account numbers, or personal details. These campaigns use social engineering by mimicking legitimate organizations and exploiting emotions like fear or urgency to prompt users to click malicious links, open infected attachments, or visit fake websites designed to steal data or install malware.
Phone pretexting
Phone pretexting is a social engineering technique where a penetration tester, uses a believable fake story to trick someone over the phone into revealing confidential information. The goal is to manipulate the employees trust and psychological vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to data, financial accounts, or systems.
Security awareness reporting
Security awareness reporting is the process of identifying, documenting, and immediately informing the appropriate security team about suspicious or malicious security-related activities, like a phishing email or potential data breach. It's a critical component of security awareness training, which aims to educate employees to become the first line of defense by fostering a culture of responsibility and proactive reporting to reduce cyber risk.
Active Directory enumeration
Active Directory (AD) enumeration is the process of systematically gathering information about an Active Directory environment. This is a crucial step in cybersecurity for both network defenders and ethical hackers to identify potential security vulnerabilities and understand the network's structure.
Privilege escalation testing
Privilege escalation testing, involves a security professional attempting to bypass authorization controls to gain higher-level system privileges than initially granted to a user. Testers look for vulnerabilities in web applications, operating systems, and network configurations to move from low-privilege access to administrative rights, using techniques such as token manipulation, kernel exploitation, and misconfigured authorizations, to execute high-impact actions like data exfiltration or disabling security software.
Cloud security assessment (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud)
A cloud security assessment for a penetration tester focuses on identifying vulnerabilities and misconfigurations within cloud environments (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) that could be exploited by an attacker. It differs from traditional penetration testing by emphasizing cloud-specific services and configurations.
Access control and policy review
Access control and policy review involves evaluating the practical implementation of a company's security policies against real-world attack vectors. The goal is to identify discrepancies and vulnerabilities that could be exploited by unauthorized users.
OWASP Top 10 testing
The OWASP Top 10 is a widely recognized, regularly updated list that identifies the most critical security risks to web applications.
API security testing
API security testing is the systematic process of evaluating Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious actors. Its primary goal is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and functionalities exposed through APIs.
Session and authentication analysis
Authentication analysis and session analysis describe two distinct but related processes in digital security and user experience. Authentication analysis focuses on verifying a user's identity, while session analysis examines a user's actions after they have been authenticated. Together, they provide a full picture of a user's secure and complete journey through an application or website.
Actionable remediation plans
Detailed specific, measurable steps that address a identified problem. An effective plan is a blueprint that clearly outlines the steps, timelines, and responsibilities for fixing an issue.
Training and awareness sessions
A training and awareness session is a program designed to inform, educate, and change the behavior of employees regarding a specific topic. While awareness focuses on providing information, training involves active engagement to build meaningful knowledge and skills.
Compliance Consulting
Compliance consulting helps organizations understand, meet, and monitor regulatory requirements and industry standards.
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